Chemical Sensing:
The Optoelectronic Nose

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    • Recent Reviews

      • Zheng, L.; Askim, J. R.; Suslick, K. S. "The Optoelectronic Nose: Colorimetric and Fluorometric Sensor Arrays“ Chem. Rev., 2019, 119, 231-292.

      • Li, Z.; Suslick, K. S. "The Optoelectronic Nose“  Accts. Chem. Res., 2021, 54, 950-960.

      • Suslick, K. S. "An Optoelectronic Nose: Colorimetric Sensor Arrays" MRS Bulletin, 2004, 29, 720-725.

      • Askim, J. R.; Mahmoudi, M.; Suslick, K. S. "Optical sensor arrays for chemical sensing: the optoelectronic nose" Chem. Soc. Rev.2013, 42, 8649 - 8682.  

      • Suslick, K. S. "Smell-Seeing" Floreat Domus, Balliol College, University of Oxford: June 2019, pp. 10-11. https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/balliol_college_floreat_domus_2019_-_low_res.pdf

      • Suslick, K. S.; Bailey, D. P.; Ingison, C. K.; Janzen, M.; Kosal, M. A.; McNamara III, W. B.; Rakow, N. A.; Sen, A.; Weaver, J. J.; Wilson, J. B.; Zhang, C.; Nakagaki, S. "Seeing Smells: Development Of An Optoelectronic Nose" Quimica Nova 2007, 30, 677-681.


      Colorimetric Sensor Arrays

      • Rakow, N. A.; Suslick, K. S. "A Colorimetric Sensor Array for Odour Visualization" Nature, 2000, 406, 710-714. 

      • Janzen, M. C.; Ponder, J. B.; Bailey, D. P.; Ingison, C. K.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Arrays for Volatile Organic Compounds" Analytical Chem. 2006, 78, 3591-3600.

      • Wang, J.; Luthey-Schulten, Z.; Suslick, K. S. "Is the Olfactory Receptor A Metalloprotein?" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2003, 100, 3035-3039.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Rakow, N. A.; Sen, A. "Colorimetric sensor arrays for molecular recognition" Tetrahedron, 2004, 60, 11133-11138.

      • Li, Z.; Fang, M.; LaGasse, M. K.; Askim, J. R.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Recognition of Aldehydes and Ketones" Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 9860-9863. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201705264


      Handheld Optoelectronic Nose

      • Askim, J. R.; Suslick, K. S. "Hand-Held Reader for Colorimetric Sensor Arrays"  Analytical Chem. 2015, 87, 7810-7816.  

      • Suslick, K. S.; Askim, J. R. "Portable device for colorimetric or fluorometric analysis, and method of conducting colorimetric or fluorometric analysis" U.S. Patent 10,539,508; Jan. 21, 2020.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Askim, J. R. "Portable device for colorimetric or fluorometric analysis, and method of conducting colorimetric or fluorometric analysis" U.S. Patent 11,035,800; June 15, 2021.

      • Li, Z.; Suslick, K. S. "A Hand-Held Optoelectronic Nose for the Identification of Liquors" ACS Sensors, 2018, 3, 121-127.

      • Li, Z.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Array for Monitoring CO and Ethylene" Analytical Chem., 2019, 91, 797-802.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04321


      Toxic Gas Sensing

      • Feng, L.; Musto, C.J.; Kemling, J. W.; Lim, S.H.; Suslick, K. S. "A Colorimetric Sensor Array for Identification of Toxic Gases below Permissible Exposure Limits" Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 2037-2039.

      • Lim, S. H.; Feng, L.; Kemling, J. W.; Musto, C. J.; Suslick, K. S. "An Optoelectronic Nose for Detection of Toxic Gases" Nature Chemistry, 2009, 1, 562-567.

      • Feng, L.; Musto, C.J.; Kemling, J. W.; Lim, S.H.; Zhong, W.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Array for Determination and Identification of Toxic Industrial Gases"  Anal. Chem., 2010, 82, 9433-9440.


      Explosives and Flammables

      • Lin, H.; Suslick, K. S. "A Colorimetric Sensor Array for Determination of Triacetone Triperoxide Vapor" J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 15519-15521.

      • Askim, J. R.; Li, Z.; LaGasse, M. K.; Rankin, J. M.; Suslick, K. S. "An optoelectronic nose for identification of explosives" Chem. Sci., 2016, 7, 199-206.   

      • Li, Z.; Jang, M.; Askim, J. R.; Suslick, K. S. "Identification of accelerants, fuels and post-combustion residues using a colorimetric sensor array" Analyst 2015, 140, 5929-5935. DOI: 10.1039/c5an00806a 

      • Li, Z.; Bassett, W. P.; Askim, J. R.; Suslick, K. S. "Differentiation among peroxide explosives with an optoelectronic nose" Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 15312-15315. DOI: 10.1039/C5CC06221G


      Bacterial & Fungi Sensing, Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility

      • Carey, J. R.; Suslick, K. S.; Hulkower, K.; Imlay, J. A.; Imlay, K.; Ingison, C.K.; Ponder, J. B.; Sen, A.; Wittrig, A. E. "Rapid Identification of Bacteria with a Disposable Colorimetric Sensor Array" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 7571-7576.

      • Zhang, Y.; Askim, J. R.; Zhong, W.; Orlean, P.; Suslick, K. S. "Identification of pathogenic fungi with an optoelectronic nose" Analyst, 2014, 139, 1922-1928. DOI: 10.1039/C3AN02112B

      • Li, Z.; Li, H.; LaGasse, M. K.; Suslick, K. S. "Rapid Quantification of Trimethylamine" Anal. Chem., 2016, 88, 5615-5620. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01170

      • Li, Z.; Suslick, K. S. "Ultrasonic Preparation of Porous Silica-Dye Microspheres: Sensors for Quantification of Urinary Trimethylamine N-Oxide" ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 15820-15828. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b00995


      Food and Beverage Identification and QC/QA

      •  Li, Z.; Suslick, K. S. "Portable Optoelectronic nose for Monitoring Meat Freshness" ACS Sensors, 2016, 1, 1330-1335. DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00492

      • Zhang, C.; Bailey, D. P.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Arrays for the Analysis of Beers: A Feasibility Study" J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 4925-4931.

      •  Zhang, C.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Arrays for Soft Drink Analysis" J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 237-242.

      • Suslick, B. A.; Feng,L.; Suslick, K. S. "Discrimination of Complex Mixtures by a Colorimetric Sensor Array: Coffee Aromas" 
        Analytical Chem., 2010, 82, 2067-2073.

      • Li, Z.; Suslick, K. S. "A Hand-Held Optoelectronic Nose for the Identification of Liquors" ACS Sensors, 2018, 3, 121-127.


      Art Conservation Applications

      • LaGasse, M. K.; McCormick, K.; Li, Z.; Khanjian, H.; Schilling, M.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Arrays: Development and Application to Art Conservation" J. Amer. Inst. Conservation 2018, 57, 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/01971360.2018.1495480

      • Li, Z.; Wang, Z.; Khan, J.; LaGasse, M. K.; Suslick, K. S. "Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Museum Airborne Pollutants using a Silver Nanoparticle Sensor Array" ACS Sensors, 2020, 5, 2783-2791. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.0c00583


      Patents

      • Suslick, K. S.; Rakow, N. A. "Colorimetric Artificial Nose Having an Array of Dyes and Method for Artificial Olfaction" U.S. Patent 6,368,558; April 9, 2002.  

      • Suslick, K. S.; Rakow, N. A.; Sen, A. "Colorimetric Artificial Nose Having an Array of Dyes and Method for Artificial Olfaction: Shape Selective Sensors" U.S. Patent 6,495,102 B1; Dec. 17, 2002.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Rakow, N. A.; Sen, A. "Colorimetric Artificial Nose Having an Array of Dyes and Method for Artificial Olfaction" European Patent EP1274983; Dec. 22, 2004.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Rakow, N.A.; Sen, A. "Colorimetric Artificial Nose having an Array of Dyes and Method for Artificial Olfaction" Indian Patent 209296; August 23, 2007.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Rakow, N. A.; Sen, A.; McNamara, W. B. III; Kosal, Margare E. "Colorimetric Artificial Nose having an Array of Dyes and Method for Artificial Olfaction" U. S. Patent 7,261,857; August 28, 2007.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Placek, M. J.; McNamara, W. B.; Sen, A.; Carey, J. R.; Wilson, J. B.; Keso, C. K. "Apparatus and Method for Detecting and Identifying Microorganisms" U.S. Patent Appl.  2008/0199904; Aug. 21, 2008.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Rakow, N. A.; Sen, A. "Colorimetric Artificial Nose" European Patent 1274983 (01920627.5); February 1, 2012.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Placek, M. J.; McNamara, W. B.; Sen, A.; Carey, J. R.; Wilson, J. B.; Keso, C. K. "Apparatus and Method for Detecting and Identifying Microorganisms" U.S. Patent 8,852,504; Oct. 7, 2014.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Placek, M. J.; McNamara, W. B.; Sen, A.; Carey, J. R.; Wilson, J. B.; Keso, C. K. "Apparatus and Method for Detecting and Identifying Microorganisms" U.S. Patent 9,249,446; Feb. 2, 2016.

      • Lim, S. H.; Musto, C. J.; Feng, L.; Kemling, J. W.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Arrays Based on Nanoporous Pigments" European Patent EP2331952; June 15, 2016.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Placek, M. J.; McNamara, W. B.; Sen, A.; Carey, J. R.; Wilson, J. B.; Keso, C. K. "Apparatus and Method for Detecting and Identifying Microorganisms" U.S. Patent 9,856,446; Jan. 2, 2018.

      • Lim, S. H.; Musto, C. J.; Feng, L.; Kemling, J. W.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Arrays Based on Nanoporous Pigments" U.S. Patent 9,880,137; Jan. 30, 2018.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Askim, J. R. "Portable device for colorimetric or fluorometric analysis, and method of conducting colorimetric or fluorometric analysis" U.S. Patent 10,539,508; Jan. 21, 2020.

      • Lim, S. H.; Musto, C. J.; Feng, L.; Kemling, J. W.; Suslick, K. S. "Colorimetric Sensor Arrays Based on Nanoporous Pigments" U.S. Patent 10,890,569; Jan. 12, 2021.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Askim, J. R. "Portable device for colorimetric or fluorometric analysis, and method of conducting colorimetric or fluorometric analysis" U.S. Patent 11,035,800; June 15, 2021.

      • Suslick, K.S.; Hinman, J. J. "Polymer Microcolumn for Gas or Vapor Separation, Chromatography, and Analysis" U.S. Patent 11,047,836; June 29, 2021.

      • Suslick, K. S.; Li, Z.; LaGasse, M. K. Methods and devices for detection of trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) U.S. Patent 11,346,829; May 31, 2022.